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The core concept of the mentioned application architectures is to make the business logic independent from communication with the outside world (disk, network, UI, etc). It’s achieved by applying the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) at the architectural level. Exactly the same concept is used in MIM (Module Infrastructure-Module Application Architecture). Thanks to that, all these architectures solved the problem of low testability, which was intrinsic to the classical Three-tier Architecture.。业内人士推荐下载安装 谷歌浏览器 开启极速安全的 上网之旅。作为进阶阅读